System of electrical distribution.



PATENTED SEPT. 8, 1908.

J. L. WOODBEIDGE. SYSTEM 0I' ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.20,1908.

MdL;

No. 897,950. PATENTEI) SEPT. 8, 1908. J. L. WOODBRIDGE. SYSTEM 0E ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 20, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/ba 12C? mf VVENTOR Jsep/lf Wozrcz@ By awww/5,5% W,

ATTORNEY Wl TN E 88E 8: mi@ wfg/we the circuit of the generator B. rl'his ap? Unirse stares ritfrnnr erf-titre JOSEPH LESTR WOODBRlDGl, Ol PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANA.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRTCAL DISTRIBUTION.

Noi 897,950.

Application filed January 2G, 1908. Serial No. 1,570.

To all uri/ioni 'it finfzslz/ concern.:

Bc it known that l, Josnru lins'rnn Vi'vooii- Temeon, a citizen ot the United States, and resident of Philadelphia, in the county oi Philadelphia and State et Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Systeni of Electrical Distribution, ot which the following is a spcci'lication.

My invention relates to systenis ot distribution iii which an alternating'current eircuit and a direct. current circuit are interconnected by ineans of transforming apparatus designed to transfer energy autoniatically in either direction between the two circuits.

One of the objects of niy invention is to provide siinple, inexpensive, eilicient and quick acting. ineans for effecting such transfer.

Other objects as well as the general nature and scope of the invention will be niore clearly understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming' part hereof, and in which Figure 1, is a diagrammatic representation et apparat-us embodying the invention. Fig. 2, is a diagram showing a certain distribution of' 'field ilu); in the rotary converter shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3, are plotted curves showing the relative iield strengths of the poles of the above nientioned converter to give certain variations of its electromotive-torce.

Referring to Fig. 1, A, is a source of alternating current connected to the three phase circuit 1, 2, 3, supplying a varying alternating current load lil. B, is a source ot direct current connected to the direct current vcircuit 4, 5. Connected to the circuit 4., 5, is also shown a storage battery D, with its booster lil, also translating devices L constituting a lluctuating direct current load.

rlhe booster E, is controlled by its 'field coilr F, which is connected to the carbon regula.-

tor (1, whose.l solenoid ll, 1s connected into paratus operates in the usual nianner to cause the battery to take the iluctuations of the direct. current load la. lt is well known -in the art and need not be Ifurther described here. Connected between the alternating current circuit 1, 2, 3, and the battery terminals is shown a rotary converter lr.

Specification of Letters Patent.

(point c.

Patented Sept. 8, 1908.

in the usual niannei, hut the poles are of special design lor permitting a variation in the ratio between the alternatinfg current and direct current voltage developed in the arinature. As here shown the niachine is a bi-polar inachinc, the principal poles being indicated at Nl and S1. ln addition te these principal lpoles auxiliary poles N2 and S2 are shown, which constitute an auxiliary path for the magnetic flux in parallel with the niaiii poles. Betere further describing the details of construction and the nietliod of operation of this converter reference will now hel made to Figs. 2 and 3 to explain more clearly the theory of its operationA ln Fig. 2, the line P-X represents the developed arniature periphery of the converter, the direct current brushes being located at l) and Q, while the. alternating current taps are taken oii' at points l), T, '.l". The ordinates ym, m2, m and lm4, represent the iield strength at various points on the arniature periphery with a certain distribution of Alield flux, and it is possible to determine by Fourniers theory the magnitude of the fundamental wave of alternating elcctro-niotive-force developed in the arniat-ure winding between any two taps, as for cxan'iple, between l and T, in terms of these ordinates, when the arniature is revolved at a given speed. By niek ing this fundamental wave constant in niegnitnde a series of relativo values can belde,- terinined for the lield strengths oi the inain poles Nl and i l and of the auxiliary poles N2 and S2. been plotted in the forni of curves, based on the relative lengths of pole are shown in 2.

l'nFig. 3, two curves arc shown, curve l corresponding with the inain pole Ni and curve ll, corresponding with the auxiliary pole N2.

The upper branch of curve lr'oin a? to e corre-.

spends with the lower branch oi' curve ll. troni at to e, the two curves crossing at the Tlie'ordinates otaiiy two points L and if on the corresponding 1oranches of these two curves and having a coinnion abscissa correspond to the field strengths necessary in the poles Naiid N2 to produce the assunied fundamental wave such of alternating electrosinotive-foice, this wave as stated ihove being constant tor all corresponding points on these two curves. The ahscissee of these curves represent the corresponding direct current electio-rriotive-force The arniature of this machine is constructed l developed between the direct currentbrushes same polarity as the inain poles), the direct current voltage will correspond with 'the ab-A scissa y2. In both cases, however, the fundamental wave of alternating electro-motiveforce between the three phase taps will be the same.

From the curves shown in Fig. 3, it will be seen that a considerable range of direct cur rent volt-age can; be produced with a constant alternating current electro-motivefoice by properly Varying the excitation of the main and, auxiliary poles. It will, furthermore, be seen that to accomplish this under conditions corresponding with the branches @h2 and eh1, it is necessary to Vary the excitation of both main and auxiliary poles in opposite directions and by Very considerable amounts. It will be noted, however, that by following the other two branches of the curves, Viz: @c1 and rc2, veryI little change is necessary in the excitation of the main pole. This is particularly true between the points a1 and c1 on curve I, between which pointsvthe strength of the niain pole is very nearly constant for a wide range of variation in the direct current voltage. The correspending portion of curve H, that is, the portion between c2 and a2, lies almost wholly below the axis of reference, indicatinga field strength of opposite polarity in the auxiliary poles to that of the main poles. As a result of the above analysis, it follows that the converter with poles designed as shown on Fig. Lvwith the main poles constantly excited and the auxiliary poles subje"t to excitation varying from about zero to a maximum and of the opposite polarity may be made to develop a practically constant alternating current electro-inotive-force with a widely varying direct current electrofinotive-force.

Returning' now to Fig. l, field circuits are shown on the converter K, Adesigned to accomplish results above described. A field winding 6, 7, S, 9, is shown on both the main and auxiliary )cles to which a constant potential is appliedfrom the exciter J, producing a field strength of say north )clarity in the main pole N1 and of south po arity in the auxiliary pole N2, south polarity in the main pole S1 and north polarity in the auxiliary pole S2. This excitation alone extreme maximum and the extreme minimum desired. A second field windingy 10, ll is shown, wound only on the auxiliary on regulator G1. The variations of presthe solenoid M will send current in either direction through this auxillary field wind strength of the auxiliary poles, producing a corresponding decrease or increase in the changing the alternating' current electroymotive-force of the converter. The solen- Void M is energized by current taken from .the secondary of a current transformer O,

conductor 3%, of the alternating current circuit. Small variations of current in this current transformer will, therefore, act upon the carbon regulator in such a way, as to produce a flow of current lin the auxiliary field winding 10, l1, to Vary the direct current voltage of the exciter K, thus causing it to receiye energy from ordeliver energy to the battery. The adjustment may be made such that upon an increase of load on the alternating current circuitdue for example to the translating devices L1, a small portion ol'v this increase getting back to the source A, through the current transformer O, will by the action of the carbon regulator the battery and deliver it to the alternating current circuit, thus relieving the source A of the greater part of the fluctuations.

The Varying excitation' of the auxiliary poles N2 and S2, produces another result besides that above described. Vhile this change of 'excitation does not -vary the amount of the alternating electro-motiveforce it does shift its phase position. This vshifting of the phase position willhave a tendency to transfer energy betweenI the converter ainatiire and the alternating currentcircuit?l ,If these auxiliary poles are properly located with reference to the main poles and -the direction of armature rotation, this ei'ect may be made to materially assist the transfer of energy between the battery andthe alternating current circuit. If, however, the auxiliary poles are located on the opposite side of the main poles, the eiiect will be to retard such transfer of energy.

In Fig. 1, theauxiliary poles are shown as trailing poles, thediirection of armature rotation being indicated by the arrow. This is the proper location of these poles to assist in the automatic transfer of energy. An increase in iield strength of the auxiliary poles of a polarity opposite to that of the main would correspond to the ordinates x1 and e1 in Fig. 3, producing a direct current electro motive torce midway between thei poles corresponds with a reduction in ther direct current voltage as shown in Fig. 3, and therefore with a transfer of energy from `the cause the converter K to take energy from' oles N2 and S2 and controlled by the carsure produced on the carbon regulator by ing, thus increasing or decreasing the directcurrent electro-motiVe-foree without 'i whose primary is connected in series with auquel) in auxiliary pole ield strength it being of' opposite polarity to that of the main poles, will shift forward the phase of the alternating electro-inotive-force of the converter, thus causing the converter to deliver energy to thc alternating current circuit. Vv'hen energy is transferred from the battery to the altern ating current circuit as described above the battery voltage will drop. This would create a tendency to take additional current from the generator B, -but a small amount of increase in output from the generator B acting upon the carbon regulator G by means of the solenoid H will immediately increase the voltage of the booster E to correspond with the drop in battery4 voltage, and prevent further dow of current from the generator B into the battery.

Whatl claim is:

i. ln combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, transforming apparatus including a rotary converter connected between them, and means responsive to changes of electrical condition onv the alternating current circuit and adapted to vary the distribution of field Flux around the periphery ofthe converter armature.

2. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, an armature with its commutator and brushes ada ted to develop both alternating current and) direct current electro motive -forces operatively connected between the two circuits, a field structure providing for the magnetic flux which influences each section of the armature between adjacent brushes, two paths constitilting a inain and an auxiliary pole, means for constantly exciting the main poles, and means responsive to changes of electrical condition of the alternating current circuit for variably exciting the auxiliary poles.

3. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, an armature with its commutator and brushes adapted to develop both alternating current and direct current electro motive forces operatively connected between the two circuits, a field structure providing for the magnetic flux which influences each section ol the armature between adjacent brushes, two paths constitutiug a main and an auxiliary pole, means for constantly exciting the main-poles, means for producing constant excitation of each auxiliary pole of the opposite polarity to that of the corresponding inain pole, and means responsive .to the electrical condition ot the alternating current circuit and adapted to apply a varying excitation to the. auxiliary poles.

4, in combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, an armature provided with commutator, brushes and alternating current terminals operatively connected between the two circuits, aylicld structure providing for the magnetic iiux which inlluences each section of the armature l between adjacent brushes, two parallel paths constituting a main and an auxiliary pole, whereof the auxiliary pole is the trailing pole, mcans lor constantly exciting the main poles. and means responsive to changes of electrical condition of the alternating current circuit for varying thc excitation of' the auxiliary poles.

5. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current'circuit, an armature provided with cominutator, brushes and alternating current terminals operatively connected between the two circuits, a field structure providing for tlicmagnetic flux which inlluences cach section of the armature between adjacent brushes, two parallel paths constituting a mainv and an auxiliary pole wliercol` the auxiliary pole is thc trailing `pole,

means for constantlyv exciting the main poles,

means adapted to apply to c-.ch auxiliary pole an excitation oi' the opposite polarityv to that of the corresponding main pole, and means responsive to the electrical condition of the alternating current circuit and adapted to vary the excitation of the auxiliary poles.

(i. ln combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, an armature with its conimutator, brushes and alternating .current terminals operatively connected between the two circuits, a lield structure proriding for the magnetic l'lux which inliucnces I cach section ol the armature bctwceiiadjacent brushes, two paths constituting a main and an auxiliary pole, means for constantly exciting thc main poles, means for producing constant excitation ot each auxiliary pole of a polarity opposite to that of the corresponding main pole, iield windings on the auxiliary poles, and electro-responsive means for var fing and reversing the current in said lield windings.

7. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, a storage battery, an armature with its conimutator and brushes connected directly across the battery terminals, a 'lield structure for said armature, means responsive to the electrical condition ot the alternating current circuit for applying to said ield structure a variable excitation to cause said armature to receive and deliver energy from and tothe battery, means for transmitting energy between the armature and the alternating current circuit, connections including an appropriate booster between the battery terminals and the direct A current circuit, and 'means responsive to thev electrical condition of the direct current circuit for controlling the booster.

8. in combination an alternating current circuit, a storage battery, an armature with eominutator, brushes and alternating current terminals, whereof the brushes are connected directly across the battery terminals and the tween adjacent brushes, and means resonalternating current terminals are 'connected its relative distribution between the several 10 to the alternating current circuit, a ield paths.

structure for the armature providing a plu- 1n testimony whereof I hav'e hereunto rality of paths for the magnetic flux which signed my name. mluences each section of the armature be- NSEM LESTER WOGDBRDGE sive t0 the electrical condition of the a ter- Witnesses: nating current circuit and adapted tovaly i W. J. JACKSON, simultaneously the total magnetic linx and FRANK E. FRENCH 

